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In energy technology, very little is forbidden by physical laws. Basically, the only constraint is the First Law of Thermo, stating that if you bring a system from one condition into an other by adding energy to it, the same amount of energy must be removed to restore the original condition (and vice versa). Would there be any difference, energy could appear out of, or disappear into nothing. This is a physical principle!

Not generally known is that the various formulations of the Second Law of Thermo are about the special case of our observations, as such NOT being a physical principle. The general case is the nature of energy to disperse, IF it is not hindered to do so. This IS a physical principle, though you will not read that in the textbooks.

The only way to hinder energy from dispersing, is to bind it in chemical, nuclear (matter), or gravitational (potential) form.

 
Once released from these bonds, energy will irresistibly disperse in the surroundings and the measure for how much it does, is expressed in terms of increase of entropy

In addition, many times "unlikely" is confused with "impossible", even though there in many cases is no physical law that forbids the "impossible". Create the probability for it and it will happen (Boltzmann's entropy formula), just that often this is the apparent "impossible" thing to do. Nonetheless, you can win jackpot in a lottery the very first time you participate, even with buying one ticket only, however "impossible" it would be. So it is with the alternative energy and engineering services that I offer here, only being "impossible" if there is a physical law that forbids them. If not, I will try to find the way in the huge world of the possible. A former employer of mine confirmed my ability for that here

Just take the simple fact that in the tropics (I live there) your sweating body cools itself to the hotter surrounding air. The same principle has been used since thousands of years to keep water and wine cool in porous vessels, especially in hot dry desert climates. Make the experiment yourself by filling your bathtub with cool tap water. Let it stay there over night and what you would expect to observe the next morning, that the water temperature has become that of the surrounding air in the bathroom, has not happened. Instead you will measure a lower temperature, even lower than it was from the tap before. What happened is that during the night some water has evaporated from the tub and the energy for it was taken from the water, cooling it down. Thus heat flew spontaneously from a cooler to a warmer region - impossible? It is not even unlikely!

Many, not to say most people think that the Second Law of Thermodynamics forbids heat to flow spontaneously from a colder to a warmer region. The error lies in the word spontaneous. In Clausius' definition of the Second Law, that word does not occur, but instead: " ...without side effects occurring". The side effect is that the process will stop after all the water (or whatever liquid) has evaporated and therefore it is not possible to make a machine that works on this principle, but for a limited period of time only.

the atmospheric heat pumpThe Atmospheric Heat Pump (AHP) - my latest (but not last) invention. Apart from a lower COP at moderate temperatures, the AHP beats the very expensive regular heat pump on all fronts. It is a cheap design and it uses no refrigerants, but plain air, or a nobel gas instead. The AHP performs INDEPENDENTLY from the temperature difference over the machine, while a regular heat pump stops performing when it becomes too large.

The Carnot Rule and the Clausius/Kelvin statements are about heat transfer between two reservoirs at different temperatures and obviously limited to that (the Semi-AHP yet puts question marks - see video). It appears that Boltzmann's "Second Law", S = k.In(W) , is the 'general' one (philosophize about it...).

The drive power is used to create a vacuum pressure, against which the atmosphere does the greater work. Through this, the AHP gives the same performance, whether on the North Pole, or in the Sahara, but at different output temperatures. Even in tempered climate zones, the output temperature can be high enough to drive a steam turbine, while it can cool the condenser as well! All what is missing now, is the AHP not to be on the market yet - developers needed to make it happen! A printable version of this video can be downloaded here

COMPEX cycle engineAn oncoming invention (the Compex), or rather the concept of it, is based on 'forgotten' experiments done by nobody less than James Watt, after 2½ centuries finally analyzed by nobody more than me. Watt observed a very peculiar relationship between the pressure and volume of expanding steam, just that he couldn't know it was peculiar.Newcomen engine, 1705

Interestingly, when a wet vapor expands while doing work, I found there is an equilibrium between liquefying and re-evaporating molecules, at virtually zero temperature gradients between them - I coined it "supertropic expansion". I could reconstruct Watt's experiments and found the same developed work relationship that Watt observed between full pressure and expansion work for a given mass of steam - no doubt for me any longer.

geothermal energyIt has great consequences for a new technology in the field of waste heat recovery, in specific of converting geothermal heat to mechanical work. Most geothermic sources produce brine at rather low temperatures, often below 100°C (212 °F), which at present only can be used with so called Organic Ranking Cycle technology (ORC), at typically around 10% efficiency. The supertropic expansion of steam however, allows a flow-through machine to work at far higher efficiencies, 40% and more!.
See a presentation here

If we, anywhere in the world, drill a bore around 4 km deep, which is no problem to do nowadays (we can drill much deeper) and pump water in it, it will come up again as either steam, or hot water. The costs of drilling surely are far less than for building a regular power plant, let alone a nuclear one, thus there is money left to drill enough bores to reach the same (or larger) capacity. If the efficiency is high enough, it would pay off!

Btw, do you know that nuclear disasters, like latest in Fukushima, would not be possible, if the reactors had been placed below a natural water level? Read more about safe nuclear power


Do you think it is impossible to generate hot water in a solar panel on a freezing day, especially if it is rather cloudy and some wind as well? look at the video here to the left and learn it is not.

solar heat in waterHowever, it's not hot water you want to get from your solar panel, but rather more to collect ENERGY from it. That's what you pay for on your energy bill, not for any temperature.

Click in the graph, the same as shown in the video, to see an enlargement  Observe the intensity (power in W/m2) curve in specific!

 

Ironically, what really IS impossible, but believed by the general public to be true, is that Hydrogen would be an energy source. Now, just tell me where we can pump up that lovely stuff out of the ground, just the same as crude oil? Fact is that Hydrogen does not exist in free form on Earth, but in strong chemical bonds only, water being the strongest one. It takes more energy to break these bonds than what we can get out of it. IF Hydrogen ever is to become an energy source, we must find a low-energy method to extract it in large quantities - to my knowledge, no such method exists as yet. Let a car run on water? Read here, why it cannot ..

good idea...If you would be considering to invest in something, can be whether or not to apply for a patent, or to join with someone else in a technical project, I can evaluate the technical feasibility and the market potential of it. I could also be your consultant to assist in developing your project, preferably in the field of energy. However, I only work with the SI system of units ...

my inventions cannot ...Mind that 95% of all patents never became commercial. The reason is that a patent does not say, even less guarantees, whether an invention  really works in practice, just that the design is new only. Surely, when an invention obviously can't work, in specific a perpetual motion machine, it will not be granted a patent, but there are so many other circumstances that prohibits an invention to become commercial.

Usually such inventions work on paper only, while in practice the device would jam, or gets too hot by internal friction, or has excessive internal leakage, or gets too big and/or too expensive, etc, etc. The Sterling engine is a good example of this - it works, but is too expensive and too big to compete on the market.

Doing research and empirical work in the fields of new compressors and improved refrigeration technology, both in Sweden and the UK, I became the thermodynamics expert I am today. Actually it only started there, many years of own studies followed - the Compex above, resulted from it.

See also a waste heat recovery analysis I once made for a customer (Henkel - Indonesia).

In later years I have become more and more involved in the idea of space exploration, because I see it as the only way out for Mankind to survive in the long run. NASA experienced an anomaly in the behavior of its first satellite launches, starting 1958, but failed to understand the very simple cause of it, namely that rotating masses interact with the gravitational field (their satellites were rotating fast during launch).
to the planets...

I worked this out within the scope of established physics and found the basis for a new technology to reach the planets. We can do it, but who is going to start it up by making the experiment, in fact repeating what happened over half a century ago and going further from there? You may help to promote the idea, if you can have a link placed somewhere, or use the signature option in your e-mail client for all your outgoing e-mails with a text like this one?

New Space Technology
www.rolev.info

I'm an all-round engineer in electrics, mechanics and thermodynamics and could therefore accept assignments in various fields of applications. By experience, I'm also proficient in international patent law, in respect to composing patent descriptions and claims. Because patent attorneys in western countries are extremely expensive, you can let me do the preparatory work at far lower costs. If you think you can use my services, please contact me.

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